Fentanyl plus stimulants drives 'fourth wave' of overdose epidemic in the U.S.

Overdoses from people taking both fentanyl and a stimulant, mainly cocaine or meth, have skyrocketed, ushering in what researchers are calling a fourth wave of the overdose epidemic.

Real-World Study of Multiple Naloxone Administrations for Opioid Overdose Reversal among Emergency Medical Service Providers - Randa Abdelal, A. Raja Banerjee, Suzanne Carlberg-Racich, Christopher Cebollero, Neyla Darwaza, Chong Kim, Diane Ito, Josh

Joseph Friedman, PhD, MPH (@JosephRFriedman) / X

Spatiotemporal Trends in Three Smoothed Overdose Death Rates in US Counties, 2012–2020

The opioid crisis and HIV in the USA: deadly synergies - The Lancet

Stimulants, Drug Mixes Play Increasing Role in Fatal Overdoses - U.S. Medicine

Fourth wave' of fentanyl overdose deaths has gripped the nation, experts say: 'The norm, not the exception

The Opioid Crisis and Federal Criminal Prosecution - Rachel L. Rothberg, Kate Stith, 2018

Generation S.O.S. on Instagram: The proportion of overdoses involving fentanyl and a stimulant — most commonly cocaine and methamphetamine — increased more than fiftyfold from 2010 to 2021, a study published Thursday

Opioid epidemic: The coming tidal wave of overdoses - Big Think

Charting the fourth wave: Geographic, temporal, race/ethnicity and demographic trends in polysubstance fentanyl overdose deaths in the United States, 2010–2021 - Friedman - 2023 - Addiction - Wiley Online Library

Charting the fourth wave: Geographic, temporal, race/ethnicity and demographic trends in polysubstance fentanyl overdose deaths in the United States, 2010–2021 - Friedman - 2023 - Addiction - Wiley Online Library